Wrench



Oct. 21, 1930.

wRENvcH L. G. BAYR ER Filed April 14, 1923 3 Sheets-Shet 1 l\ m i 33 f Sg ``bl M 'Q lI V-Il i :g

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Oct. 21,1930. L. G. BAYER WRENCH Filed April 1 4, l'gf'zs 3Sh'eets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR By Attorneys,

Oct. 21, 1930. L. G. BAYRER wRENcH 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed April 14, 1923Egil.

INVENTOR By Attorneys, M; -i

Patented Oct. 21, 1930 VUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LOUIS GARFI'ELDBAYRER, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO J'. H. WILLIAMS COMPANY, OFBROOKLYN, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEXV YORK WRENCH Application filedApril 14,

This invention relates to pipe wrenches having a Stillson or otheraction permitting a rocking of the movable jaw, and aims to provideimprovements therein.

The invention provides a wrench of maXi mum simplicity and strength,andembodying in combination many desirable features as regards theconstruction and use of the wrench.

The invention further provides a wrench which consists essentially ofthree parts, not counting the springs, thesimple addition of a singleacting spring being all that is required for obtaining a single rockingspring action, and a double acting spring (or two springs) being allthat is required for obtaining a true Stillson spring action; and theconstruction of this wrench is such as to be readily susceptible tochanges of the spring action, or the elimination of the spring action,to suit the preferences of users.

The invention further provides a wrench in which the play of theadjustment nut in the frame or guide is quite limited so as to reducethe amount of loose movement of the jaws toward and from one another,and in which turning of the adjusting nut while the wrench is lyingaround is prevented, thereby facilitating the use of the wrench.

Several embodim-ents of the invention are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal side view ofa wrench according to one embodiment of said invention; Y

Fig. 2 is a top view of the wrench shown in Fig. 1, and

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view, in the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; f

Fig. 4 is a detail perspective view of the spring shown in Fig. 1; i

Fig. 5 is a detail perspective view of a wire spring which may besubstituted for the flat form shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a detail view of a part of the jaw frame vand a spring,showing a slight modification of the construction shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a side view of part of a wrench, similar to'the constructionof Fig. 1, show- 1923. Serial No. 632,062.

ing a double-acting single spring in place of the two springs shown inFig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing a second embodiment ofwrench, the adjusting nut being shown as having a different fulcrum fromthat in Fig. 1;

9'is a view similar to Fig. 8, showing a third embodiment, the wrenchbeing shown as having the Stillson action and the nut as having adifferent fulcrum from that in Figs. 1 and 8;

' Fig. 10 is a side view of ai further embodiframe 414 is provided withcorresponding openmgs 18, 19 for the passage of said shanlr17; I

The shank 17 of the movable jaw 15 has an adjustng nut 21 thereon, bywhich the movable jaw 15 may be moved or a-djusted toward and from theVIixed jaw 12, to fit pipes of various sizes, and the frame 14 isprovided with' an eye or Opening 23 Vin which said nut 21 is located andthrough which it projects in a manner tobe manipulated by the fingersofr the user. The handle 10 has a solid abutment 25 against which theadjusting nut 21 is, adapted to hear and on which the strainstransmitted by the movable jaw 15 to the nut 21 are sustained. Thehandle 10 and frame 14 being solidd provide a` wide a-butmentV 25,whereby a broad bearing surface is provided between the nut and abutmentand a longer life of said abutment and the corner of the nut 21obtained.

The shank 17 of the jaw 15 has avrocking action in'said frame 14, sothat the'space be-v tween the aws 12 and 15 is slightly increased ordiminished by the rocking of said shank to admit of the fitting-of thewrench to a pipe L U d' Lif) and of the gripping of the latter by thewrench, and the said frame 14 is provided with a space or spaces 27, 28on one or both sides of the upper part of the nut 21 (according towhether the wrench has a single spring or a true Stillson action) toadmit of the nut 21 roclring with the shanlr 17. The handle is alsoprcferably provided with an abntment 30 opposite the abutment 25, whichlimits the longitndinal play of the nut 21 in the franl e, and hencelimits the longitudinal movement of the shank (independent of itsadjnstnient by turning of the nut 21). The variation of the distanceapart of the two jaws 12 and 15 for any particular adjustment etl'ectedby the nut 21, is thereby very small and the repeated use of the wrenchon pipes of the same size is much facilitated.

The adjusting nnt 21, the shank 17 on which it is threadcd, and the aw15 may be arranged to rock or fulcrnm on a point 36 en the abutment 8),or on points 36, on the abutments 25 and 30 (Fig. 9), or upon a point 36on a projection 33 (Figs. 1, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14) arranged preferablyabout the middle of the eye 23 so as to engage the middle of the nut 21.There a central proliection 33 is provided the nut 21 is convenientlyprovided with a groove into which said projection 33 projects.

In Stillson and similar type wrenches the movable jaw is ordinarily heldin a certain position with respect to the fulcrum around which itroclrs, by means of springs acting against the pivoting frame in whichthe jaw works. In the present invention to obtain a similar result aspring or Springs may be provided adapted to bear on one or both sidesof the nut 21. As shown in Figs. 1-3, two separate Springs 37, 38 may beprovided, these springs being fitted into the Spaces 27, 28 in the frame14 on each side of the nut 21, and adapted to bear on said frame and onthe part of said nut 21 opposite its fulcrum, as indicated at 39. TheseSprings may be formed of sheet metal staniped out and bent so as to havethe form shown in Fig. 4 with a central space 41 and legs 42 on eachside there-of, so that when in position in said frame 14, the legs 42straddle the shank 17, and are thereby held against lateral displacementwhile the shank is in place. The single springs indicated by nnmeral 37'may also be made of wire, as shown in Fig. 5. The Springs 37' may havelegs 41', 42' similar to the legs 41, 42 of spring 37 in Fig. 4, and mayhave in addition a projecting end 44 adapted to [it in the space betweenthe inner side of the nut 21 and the side of the shank 17.. T iisprojeetion 44 serves to loclr the nut and spring together and retardsthe slipping of the nut out of place in the eye 23 when the shank 17 isremoved. Tn order to hold the Springs 37, 38 in place in the frame 14,when both the shank 17 and nut 21 are removed, the frame may be providedwith a small shonlder 47 (Fig. 6) against which the leaf of the springwhich ordinarily bears against the nut 21, is adapted to bear when thenut is removed. Instead of two Springs 37, 38, a single spring 49 (Fig.7) having parts 50, 51 on each side of the nut 21, may be provided. Theparts 50, 51, may each be of substantially the form of the two Springs37, 38. The part 52 joining the parts 50, 51 may have a small projcctionor teat 53 adapted to lit a corresponding recess 54 in the frame 14.Another form of one-piece doubleacting spring is shown at 55, Fig. 13,the parts 56, 57 on by two parts 59 passing under the nut at each sida`of the handle 10 and fitting in recess in the sides of said handle. InFig. 12 two spiral s'n-ngs (31, (32 may be employed, these Springs beinghoused in holes 03, 64 drilled in the npper part of the frame 14, thesesprings preferably bearing indirectly on the sides of the nut 21 throughcylindrical shoes 66.

The fixed jaw 12 may be formed integraliy on the handle 10, as shown inFigs. 1 and 7, or it may be formed separately and attached to the handleby a mortise, tenon and pin joint, as indicated by numeral 70, Figs. 8,9, 10, 12, 13, and 14.

The Springs 37, 33 (or any of the other springs or spring nsed) may bearranged to press on the adjnsting mit 21 'in the ncutral or passiveposition of the shank 17` in such manner to bear frictionally on saidnut and retard its movemcnt, so that when the wrench is pnt down andpnshed around ineidental to its u. e, the adjnstment of the movable jaw12 will not be disturbed.

Morcovcr the frame 14 may be provided with lateral projcctiens 73,(Figs. l-Il) exterdinv ligl'itly beyond the riin of the nut 21, toprevent the nut from contacting with a flat surface, such as a floor,when laid down and pnsncd around, and thereby prevent the mit 'romturning and changing thc adinstment of the jaws 12 and 15.

'ilhe handle 10 may be provided with any suitable hand-grip, such as theknife handle type shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the coliventional Stillsontype 7 (i shown in Fig. 8, or tl e plain type 77 shown in Fig. 9. Q

The wrench in Fi 8 has its sliank 17 adapted to rock to only one side ofits position of rest, and the spring` 80 (which may be simila r to thespring 37 in Fig. 5) acts on only one side of the adj Listing nut 21.The bearing shoulder 25 on the handle 10 also serves as thc fulcrnm onwhich the nut turns.

Tnewrench 'in Fig. 9 has the Stillson action, ditrerin 'l'rom theconstruction of Figs. 1 and 2 prmeipally in that the nut 21 fulcrums onthe two shoulders 25, 30.

.The wrench in Figs. 10 and 11 has` the Stillson action, the frame 14being formed as xrch side of the nut 21 being joined a part of thehandle 10, the .handle 10 being extended at an angle of 90 to the shank17 of the movahle jaw 15, and the fiXed jaw 12 being located on one endof the frame, as indicated at 83. The spring or springs 85 may heattached directly to the handle or stock, as indicated at 87.

The wrenches are used similarly to the ordinary Stillson or other typesof rockahle jaw wrenches. If a workman does not desire one or bothspring actions, he has simply to remove the spring or Springs, to suithis preference.

The inventive ideas herein set forth may receive other emhodiments thanthose herein specifically illustrated and descrilired.

VV hat I claim is l. A pipe wrench comprising a inovahle rockahle jaw, ahandle having an integral frame for said jaw, a nut for adjusting saidjaw, the jaw and nut being c'apahle of a rocking movement in said frame,and spring means hearing on said nut near the top thereof for resistingrocking movement of said jaw in two directions.

2. A pipe wrench comprising a movahle roekahle jaw, a handle having aframe for said jaw, a nut for adjusting said jaw, there heing an eye insaid frame for said nut, said eye having a space permitting rockingmovement of the nut and jaw, and spring means in said space adapted tohear on opposite faces of said nut for resistin g rocking movement ofthe nut and jaw and to hold said parts in a neutral position.

3. A pipe wrench comprising a movahle rockahle jaw, a handle having anintegral frame for said jaw, a nut for adjusting said jaw, there heingan eye in said frame for said nut, said eye having a space permittingrocking movement of the nut and jaw, and a spring in said space adaptedto hear on said nut near the top thereof for resisting rock-v ingmoif'ement of the nut and aw, an ahutment on which said nut rocks, andmeans opposite said ahutment for limiting the movement of said nut awayfrom said ahutment.

4. A pipe wrench comprising a movahle rockahle jaw, a handle having anintegral frame for said jaw, a nut for adjusting said jaw, there beingan eye in said frame for said nut, said eye having a space permittingrocking movement of the nut and jaw, and a spring in said space adaptedto hear on said nut for resisting'rocking movement of the nut and jaw,an ahutment on which said nut rochs, and said eye being restrictedopposite said ahutment to confine the said nut against displacement fromsaid ahutment.

5. A pipe wrench comprising a lnovahle rockahle jaw, a handle having anintegral frame for said jaw, a nut for adjusting said `iaw, there beingan eye insaid frame for said nut, said eye having a space permittingrocking movement of the nut and jaw in two directions, and a spring insaid space adapted to hear on said nut for resisting rocking movement ofthe nut and j awand to,hold said parts in a neut-ral position, saidspring having means thereon for engaging said nut to prevent accidentalturning thereof.

6. A pipe wrench comprising a movahle rockahle jaw, a handle having anintegral frame for said jaw, a nut for adjusting said jaw, there beingan eye in said frame for said nut, said eye having a space permittingrocking movement of the nut and jaw, andaspring in said space adapted tohear on said nut near the top thereof for resisting rocking movement ofthe nut and jaw, said spring having means thereon for engagino' said nutto prevent accidental turning thereof, said spring fitting into saidspace, and means for preventing displacement of said spring.

7. A pipe wrench comprising a movahle rockahle jaw, a handle having aframe for lsaid jaw, a nut for adjusting said jaw, there being an eye insaid frame for said nut, said eye having a space at each side of saidnut permitting` rocking movement of the nut and jaw, and a spring insaid eye adapted to hear on said nutfor resisting rocking movement ofthe nut and jaw, said spring eXtending into the space at each side ofsaid nut and hearing on two sides of said nut.

In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

LOUIS GARFIELD BAYRER'.

